Acute Pleural Effusion in a Dog

A 3-year-old dog presented with increased respiratory effort had decreased heart and lung sounds. Read this case to find out what caused this patient’s pleural effusion. 

Wound Sampling for Culture & Cytology

When treating a wound, a well-collected diagnostic specimen can help confirm the presence of bacterial infection, identify the causative organism, and provide critical antimicrobial susceptibility data. Follow this step-by-step guide to proper swab sampling technique.

Effusion Cytology

Cytology of effusions is relatively noninvasive and inexpensive and can help with diagnosis or prognosis. View this image gallery of common cytologic findings of effusions.

Bilateral Iatrogenic Mandibular Fracture

A miniature pinscher was emergently presented following mandibular fracture during dental extraction. Follow this case to learn how such outcomes can be avoided.

Differential Diagnosis: Hypocalcemia

From hypoalbuminemia to snake envenomation, potential causes of hypocalcemia vary widely. Use this differentials list to help determine the potential underlying cause of a patient’s hypocalcemia.